Exercises of Activity Book

First section

Vocabulary

1 Match words and phrases from each column to find the definition of the words in the first column. Then, write the definitions.

• A ditch is a long channel at the side of a road or field.
• To carve is to make a pattern or wood or stone.
• Heritage is the objects or qualities from previous generations.
• To incorporate is to include something as part of a group or plan.
• Prehistoric means relating to the period before anything was written down.

Grammar

The Present Perfect Simple

2 complete the text with the Present Perfect Simple form of the verbs in brackets.

It is difficult to say what Stonehenge looked like because people (1) have taken (take) half of the stone away. Experts (2) have given (give) different dates for the building of Stonehenge. Recent theories (3) have suggested (suggest) that people didn’t place the first stones until 2400-2200 BC. For centuries, archaeologists (4) have believed (believe) that people used to go to Stonehenge to observe the Sun and the Moon. However, experts (5) have shown (show) that it was probably used as a health centre and as a place for burying dead people.

3 Rewrite these sentences in the negative form.

1. Stonehenge has always looked the way it does now.

Stonehenge hasn’t always looked the way it does now.

2. Different experts have given the same date for the building of Stonehenge.

Different experts haven’t given the same date for the building of Stonehenge.

3. For centuries, archaeologists have believed that people used Stonehenge as a health centre.

For centuries, archaeologists haven’t believed that people used Stonehenge as a health centre.

4. Recent studies have confirmed what archaeologists said in the past about Stonehenge.

Recent studies haven’t confirmed what archaeologists said in the past about Stonehenge.

5. People have used Stonehenge as a home.

People haven’t used Stonehenge as a home.

Second section

Grammar

The Present Perfect Simple

1 Complete the text with the Present Perfect Simple form of the verbs in brackets.

Um Qais is a Jordanian town which (1) has had many names over time. It was destroyed by an earthquake and people (2) haven’t occupied it since then. Um Qais is a strong citadel on the top of a hill. A street from the east to the west of the city with holes on it made by chariot wheels (3) has remained until today. Um Qais (4) has become a popular tourist destination. It (5) has allowed people to see attractive views including sights from Syria.

2 Write the questions with ever and their answers. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.

1. Has Nawal ever gone with her friends to a football stadium?

Yes, she has.

Where did she go? She went to Amman international Stadium.

2. Has Nawal ever experienced an earthquake? Yes, she has.

Where was it? It was near Bilecik in south Turkey.

3. Has Hamid ever traveled to Saudi Arabia? Yes, he has.

When did he travel there? He travelled there two years ago.

4. Have Nawal and Hamid taken photos of ruins? Yes, they have.

Where did she take her photo? At the Nabataean ruins in Petra.

Where did he take his photo? At Angkor in Cambodia.

3 Write questions using the Present Perfect Simple. Then answer them.

1. Have people used Stonehenge as a citadel or a health centre?

People have used Stonehenge as a health centre. They haven’t used it as a citadel.

2. Have people used Stonehenge as a place for burying the dead or a campsite?

People used Stonehenge as a place for burying the dead. They haven’t used it as a campsite.

3. Have people left or destroyed Angkor? People have left Angkor. They haven’t destroyed it.
4. Have people built Machu Picchu in Mexico or Peru?

People have built Machu Picchu in Peru. They haven’t built it in Mexico.